​英语高级词汇：rebuke

英语高级词汇：rebuke

rebuke /rɪ'bju:k/ 一词于14世纪初源自盎格鲁法语 rebuker，由 re (向后) 和 buschier (击打,劈木头) 组成，最初词义为"用武力击退"，后引申为"尖锐责备"。

这种由战争相关词义演变为普通词义的还有我们前几天说过的 circumvent。

词义

rebuke 有动词和名词两种词性，名词词性出现于15世纪。

He had to take the rebuke with a smile on his face.

他不得不强颜欢笑接受对方的训斥。(n.)

The teacher rebuked the student for cheating.

老师严厉批评了作弊的学生。(v.)

These things speak, and exhort, and rebuke with all authority. Let no man despise thee. - Titus

这些事你要讲明，劝诫人，用各等权柄责备人。不可叫人轻看你。- 《圣经·旧约·提多书》

Still, a part of my mind - the one that says what we don't want to hear - rebuked me. - Life of Pi

虽然如此，我大脑的一个部分 - 说逆耳之言的那部分 - 却责备了我。-《少年派的奇幻漂流》

近义

动词 rebuke (GRE) 的近义词按难度级别由低到高：

blame /bleɪm/：责备 (中)

scold /skəʊld/：责骂 (中)

lecture /'lektʃər/：训斥 (中)

reproach /rɪ'prəʊtʃ/：指责 (6)

censure /'senʃər/：谴责 (I)

chide /tʃaɪd/：责骂 (G)

reprove /rɪ'pru:v/：责备 (G)

reprimand /'reprɪmænd/：谴责 (G)

reprehend /reprɪ'hend/：责备 (G)

berate /bɪ'reɪt/：痛斥 (G)

upbraid /ʌp'breɪd/：责骂 (G)

castigate /'kæstɪgeɪt/：严厉责骂 (G)

影视

△Hot Fuzz (《热血警探》2007) 的国语配音版将这句台词译成"我们不接受被我们开过罚单的人的礼物"，officially rebuke 字面为"正式谴责"，与开罚单的书面惩罚形式一样，后者更显调侃语气，符合电影的恶搞风格。

名著

When we went in, and I had removed her bonnet and coat, I took her on my knee; kept her there an hour, allowing her to prattle as she liked: not rebuking even some little freedoms and trivialities into which she was apt to stray when much noticed, and which betrayed in her a superficiality of character, inherited probably from her mother, hardly congenial to an English mind.

- Chapter 15 of Jane Eyre

我们进去以后，我给她脱下帽子和外衣，把她抱到我膝上，让她在那儿坐了一个钟头，听凭她随心所欲地唠唠叨叨，即使有点小小的放肆和轻浮，也不加责难。在别人十分注意她的时候，她常常会这样放肆和轻浮，流露出她性格的浅薄的一面，这也许是从她母亲那儿得来的，但是在英国人看来却不很合适。